Conceptual model of the sources and pathways of rubber particles to urban stormwater. Major pathways are indicated by larger arrows, and dotted arrows represent minor pathways. The major source of rubber particles is tire wear, with tire-derived and non-tire rubber products representing smaller sources. Reprinted from Moran et al. (2021).
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Rubber. Rubber is a polyterpene (cis-1,4-polyisoprene) composed of 500 to 5,000 isoprene units joined linearly in the following pattern: Biosynthesis of rubber occurs sequentially by (1) generation of acetyl CoA, (2) conversion of acetyl CoA to isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) via mevalonic acid, and (3) polymerization of IPP into rubber ...
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Natural rubber (NR) latex derived from the Hevea Brasilliensis tree exists as a colloidal dispersion of rubber particles (RPs) in an aqueous serum. It comprises approximately 94 % rubber content and 6 % non-rubber components (NRCs), including proteins, phospholipids, carotenoids, carbohydrates, inorganic salts, and so on [1]. The structure of ...
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The model rubber compound, described in Table 1, is prepared using NR (Technically Specified Rubber SVR 3 L). The antioxidant N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) is added to hinder the effect of oxygen through the thermo-oxidation process.
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Moreover, the demand for rubber-latex in the global market and, consequently, the land area dedicated to rubber plantations considerably increased with the economic boom in Asian countries. The rubber tree is native to the Amazon basin in Brazil, which historically was the main source of rubber supply till the 19th century.
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Abstract. The vulcanization process is necessary to produce most useful rubber articles, like tires and mechanical goods. This chapter is an overview of the science and technology of vulcanization. Emphasis is placed on general-purpose “high-diene” rubbers like natural rubber (NR), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), and butadiene rubber (BR ...
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In subject area: Chemical Engineering. Rubber compounding involves the science and engineering of rubbers and rubber additives, such as processing aids, fillers, and curing agents, in definite proportions to obtain a uniform mixture that will have desirable physical and chemical properties to meet processing at low cost and end use performance ...
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The rubber is basically created by a hydrocarbon through an empirical rule (Dasgupta et al., 2007). This hydrocarbon bonding is called a monomer, and is also known as isoprene. The rubber latex can easily be found in Malaysia. Rubber trees are tapped every day and the rubber milk is called latex.
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The current review addresses the problems in rubber waste management and aims to provide detailed insight into alternatives to manage rubber waste through thermal, mechanical, physical, chemical, and biological methods. The advantages, disadvantages and bottlenecks present in each method is discussed.
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Rubber is one of the essential raw materials for automotive industries. In the early 19th century, the natural rubber tree was the only resource for rubber extraction. However, synthetic rubber replaced the conventional natural rubber due to its excellent mechanical and durable performance with the rapid growth of industrialization.
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